NASA Astronaut Group 4

NASA Astronaut Group 4 was a group of six astronauts selected by NASA in June 1965. While the astronauts of the first two groups were required to have an undergraduate degree or the professional equivalent in engineering or the sciences, they were chosen for their experience as test pilots. Test pilot experience was waived as a requirement for the third group, and military jet fighter aircraft experience could be substituted. Group 4 was the first chosen on the basis of research and academic experience — a Ph.D. in the natural sciences, engineering, or medicine was a prerequisite for selection — with NASA providing pilot training as necessary. Initial screening of applicants was conducted by the National Academy of Sciences.

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Duane Graveline, Edward G. Gibson, Harrison Schmitt, Joseph P. Kerwin, Owen K. Garriott, 

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