Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
From Spacefaring
Q116681
Q116681
The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) was an American lunar science mission in NASA's Discovery Program which used high-quality gravitational field mapping of the Moon to determine its interior structure. The two small spacecraft GRAIL A (Ebb) and GRAIL B (Flow) were launched on 10 September 2011 aboard a single launch vehicle: the most-powerful configuration of a Delta II, the 7920H-10. GRAIL A separated from the rocket about nine minutes after launch, GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later. They arrived at their orbits around the Moon 25 hours apart. The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012. The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on December 17, 2012.
2011-09-10T00:00:00Z
2011-09-10T00:00:00Z
2011 Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
2011-12-31T00:00:00Z
2011-12-31T00:00:00Z
service entry
2011-09-10T00:00:00Z
2011-09-10T00:00:00Z
rocket launch
2012-12-17T00:00:00Z
2012-12-17T00:00:00Z
lunar impact
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- The Density and Porosity of Lunar Impact Breccias and Impact Melt Rocks and Implications for Gravity Modeling of Impact Basin Structure - conference paper published in 2015, Q1860, online
- Gravity field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission - scientific article published on 05 December 2012, Q1860, online
- GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA Constraints on the Interior Structure of the Moon - conference paper published in 2016, Q1860, online
- GRAIL Constraints on the Vertical Density Structure of the Lunar Crust - conference paper published in 2014, Q1860, online
- GRAIL Gravity Field of the Lunar South Polar Region - conference paper published in 2013, Q1860, online
- Gravity field of the Orientale basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission - scientific article published on 27 October 2016, Q1860, online
- Constraints on the Distribution and Thickness of Mare Basalts and Cryptomare from GRAIL - conference paper published in 2015, Q1860, online
- High-Resolution Estimates of Lunar Crustal Density and Porosity from the GRAIL Extended Mission - conference paper published in 2013, Q1860, online
- Ancient igneous intrusions and early expansion of the Moon revealed by GRAIL gravity gradiometry - scientific article published on 05 December 2012, Q1860, online
- GRAIL Reveals Secrets of the Lunar Interior - magazine article from 'Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin' published in 2013, English, online
- Properties of the Lunar Interior: Preliminary Results from the GRAIL Mission - conference paper published in 2013, Q1860, online
- Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements - scientific article, Q1860, 2015, online
- GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon - scholarly article, Q1860, 2016, online
- Lunar bulk chemical composition: a post-Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory reassessment - scientific article, Q1860, 2014, online
- The Geophysical Nature of the Procellarum Region of the Moon as Revealed by GRAIL Gravity Data - conference paper published in 2014, Q1860, online
- Small-scale density variations in the lunar crust revealed by GRAIL - scientific article published on 01 July 2016, Q1860, 2017, online
- Revised Thickness of the Lunar Crust from GRAIL Data: Implications for Lunar Bulk Composition - conference paper published in 2013, Q1860, online
- Gravity Field of the Orientale Basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission - conference paper published in 2015, Q1860, online
- Small Scale Density Variations in the Lunar Crust as seen in GRAIL Data - conference paper published in 2014, Q1860, online
- The Density and Porosity of Lunar Impact Breccias and Impact Melt Rocks and Implications for GRAIL Gravity Modeling of the Orientale Impact Basin Structure - conference paper published in 2015, Q1860, online
- Lunar interior properties from the GRAIL mission - article by James G. Williams et al published July 2014 in Journal of geophysical research. Planets, Q1860, online
- GRAIL Mission Constraints on the Thermal Structure and Evolution of the Moon - conference paper published in 2016, Q1860, online
- Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, Issue 132 - issue published in 2013, English
- The Subsurface Structure of the Compton-Belkovich Thorium Anomaly as Revealed by GRAIL - conference paper published in 2015, Q1860
- A High-Resolution View of the Orientale Basin and Surroundings from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) - conference paper published in 2014, Q1860
- Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL): Extended Mission and Endgame Status - conference paper published in 2013, Q1860
| Type | Subtype | Date | Description | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| commons | image | Illustration of GRAIL spacecraft over the Moon (PIA13965) | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL Artwork | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Maria Zuber answers a reporter's question at a press briefing about the upcoming launch to the moon of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission in Washington. | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL Artwork | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL Artwork cropped | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL (cropped) | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL image0011 | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL-spacecraft4 cropped | Commons | ||
| commons | image | GRAIL-image0011-fr | Commons | ||








